Data from the National Institute of Educational Studies and Research Anísio Teixeira (Inep), which are part of an unprecedented study by the Todos Pela Educação movement, released this Thursday (25), show that in the last 10 years there has been a quantitative inversion in the proportion of teachers with public contracts and those who hold temporary contracts.
At the national level, the number of effective teachers increased from 505 thousand in 2013, which represented 68.4% of the total number of teachers in state networks, to 321 thousand in 2023, or 46.5% of the total. Temporary contracts surpassed permanent contracts in 2022 and, in 2023, reached 356 thousand, representing 51.6% of total hires. In 2013, there were 230 thousand, equivalent to 31.1% of the total.
In Acre, according to the data, the number of teachers in the state network in 2023 with temporary contracts corresponded to 75% of the total. Only 23% appeared as effective, in addition to a 2% portion that appeared to be governed by the Consolidation of Labor Laws (CLT). A report by Agência Brasil on the subject says that there is no specific legislation that limits the number of temporary contracts, nor are there any penalties provided for the states.
However, the National Education Plan (PNE), Law 13,005/2014, which establishes goals and strategies for all stages of teaching and the valorization of the sector, provides that at least 90% of public school teachers have permanent positions. “This strategy should have been fulfilled by 2017”, says the Agência Brasil publication.
The manager of Educational Policies at Todos pela Educação, Ivan Gontijo, states that temporary teachers are extremely important to supply the staff and to ensure that students have classes with professionals with adequate training, but explains that the artifice of temporary hiring should be an exception the rule.
“In theory, the ideal is that you can supply your entire staff with permanent teachers. And the role of a temporary teacher is to cover any absence. So, for example, a teacher will work in the office, you need a temporary teacher to fulfill that workload”, he says.
The study deals with several negative aspects of this new scenario in the country. Among them are the issues of teaching appreciation and learning. In 15 education networks, the salary of temporary teachers, calculated per hour, is lower than that of permanent teachers at the beginning of their careers, reaching a difference of up to 140%, in the case of Pernambuco. In the other ten networks analyzed, there is no difference.
In Acre, the difference between the salary of a temporary teacher and the starting salary of a permanent teacher, per hour of work, is R$3.7.
Regarding the issue of learning, the study cites the high teacher turnover that provisional hiring provides, which can harm the bond with the school community and the effective development of students. Furthermore, the selection processes used by education networks are not always as rigorous as public competitions, which also impacts the quality of education.
With information from Agência Brasil.
