Data from the Continuous National Household Sample Survey (Pnad Contínua), from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), show that in 2023 poverty fell in 25 Brazilian states and the Federal District, which represents 96% of the Federative Units. There was only one exception: the state of Acre.
The data was compiled by the Jones dos Santos Neves Institute (IJSN), linked to the State Secretariat of Economy and Planning (SEP) of Espírito Santo. The survey also showed that there was a drop in extreme poverty in 25 states. In this case, the exceptions were Rondônia and the Federal District.
For classification criteria, the values defined by the World Bank are used to define poverty (families with a daily income of up to US$6.85 per person) and extreme poverty (daily income of up to US$2.15 per person). With the conversion according to Purchasing Power Parity (PPC) criteria, the values were R$664.02 and R$208.42 per month, respectively.
According to data provided by IJSN, 27.5% of people in Brazil were below the poverty line in 2023. This is the lowest rate in the historical series, which began in 2012. The peak was in 2021, when 36.7% of people were in this condition.
Still according to the same survey, 4.4% of people were in extreme poverty in the country last year, which also marks the lowest rate ever recorded. The highest percentage was also recorded in 2021: 9% of the total.
States
Santa Catarina is the state with the lowest proportion of people in poverty, according to the survey: 11.6%; followed by Rio Grande do Sul (14.4%), Federal District (15.6%) and São Paulo (16.5%). On the other hand, Acre and Maranhão have more than half of their populations in this condition, with 51.5% and 51.6%, respectively.
In relation to the 2022 numbers, the situation in Amapá stands out, which saw a 29.8% reduction in the total number of people earning less than R$664.02 per month. On the Brazilian average, the drop was 12.6%. Acre was the only state that had more people in this condition: an increase of 2.2%.
The extreme poverty rate shows Rio Grande do Sul and Goiás with the lowest records of people in this condition: 1.3% each. Santa Catarina has 1.4%. Maranhão (12.2%) and Acre (13.2%) again have the highest rates. The Brazilian average is 4.4%.
Despite having one of the smallest populations in extreme poverty, when taking into account the proportion, the Federal District saw an increase of 11.8% of people in this condition from 2022 to 2023. Rondônia, the only other UF with an increase in this record, had increase of 8.3%. The Brazilian average was a drop of 24.8%.
Editing: Nicolau Soares
