In Brazil, dengue represents a significant challenge for public healthespecially during the hottest and rainiest months, when weather conditions favor the proliferation of the mosquito vector.
Dengue symptoms can range from mild to severe and include high fever, body and joint pain, headache, weakness, prostration and red spots on the skin.
In more serious cases, the dengue it can evolve into a potentially fatal form, known as severe dengue or hemorrhagic dengue, characterized by bleeding, sudden drop in blood pressure and risk of circulatory shock.
Discover the 4 types of dengue – Image: Reproduction
The dengue epidemic in Brazil is a problem of public health recurrent.
Rapid urbanization, the accumulation of garbage and stagnant water in discarded containers, in addition to favorable climatic conditions, contribute to the proliferation of mosquitoes. Aedes aegypti in urban and suburban areas.
Discover the 4 types of dengue
Dengue is caused by the dengue virus (DENV), which presents variations in its molecular structure, resulting in different serotypes and viral lineages.
In Brazil, four main dengue serotypes circulate: 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Each serotype can trigger a variety of clinical manifestations, from asymptomatic infections to serious conditions that can lead to death.
- Serotype 1: first identified in 1981, in isolated cases in Roraimaserotype 1 began to circulate in other regions of the country in 1986. It is one of the most common serotypes and can cause everything from mild symptoms to severe cases of dengue.
- Serotype 2: identified in 1990, serotype 2 is another of the predominant types in recent years. Like serotype 1, it can cause a wide range of clinical manifestations, ranging from mild to severe cases.
- Serotype 3: Isolated for the first time in 2000, serotype 3 remained the most common in the country until 2016. Like other serotypes, it can cause everything from asymptomatic infections to serious cases of dengue.
- Serotype 4: identified in isolated cases in the North region in 1981, serotype 4 began to be identified in other parts of Brazil after 2010. Like other serotypes, it can cause a variety of symptoms, being responsible for cases of mild and severe dengue.
In addition to these serotypes, it is important to mention that there is serotype 5, which appeared for the first time in 2007 in Malaysia, in continent Asian.
To date, no cases of this serotype have been identified in Brazil.
