In recent months, the National Institute of Meteorology (Inmet) has been carrying out a specific meteorological analysis for Brazil, using average air temperature data from Inmet meteorological stations spread throughout the national territory. According to the survey, temperatures were above the historical average in the months of July to October, as shown in the table below:
Table 1: Table with observed average air temperature values, historical average and deviations (difference between the recorded value and the historical average) in July, August, September and October 2023.
Among the four hottest consecutive months this year, September presented the largest deviation (difference between the recorded value and the historical average) since 1961, with 1.6ºC above the 1991/2020 climatology (historical average).
In 2023, the months mentioned were marked by extreme heat in a large part of the country and heat wave events, reflecting the impacts of the El Niño phenomenon (above average warming of the waters of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean), which tends to favor an increase in temperature in various regions of the planet.
Furthermore, other factors have contributed to the occurrence of increasingly extreme events, such as the increase in the global temperature of the Earth’s surface and oceans.
Thus, the scenario indicates that the year 2023 will be the hottest since the 1960s. These results corroborate the perspectives found by other international meteorological bodies, as, according to researchers from the European Union’s Copernicus Climate Change Service, it is unlikely that the last two months of this year reverse this record, considering that the trend is for high temperatures across the world until November.
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